«…Мы устаем и изнемогаем не потому, что много работаем, а потому, что плохо работаем, не организовано работаем, бестолково работаем…»
© Физиолог Н.Е. Введенский
Как часто вы в конце дня осознавали, что не успели закончить все запланированные дела? Опрос моих знакомых показал: эта проблема довольно актуальна в наши дни. В Google и Яндекс советуют научиться искусству распределения своего времени, которое называется тайм-менеджментом. Что это такое и есть ли от этого результат? Давайте разбираться.
Роль тайм-менеджмента в жизни человека
Тайм-менеджмент — это способы оптимизации времени. Они помогают достичь максимальной эффективности в делах, поскольку деятельность с использованием тайм-менеджмента не хаотична, а спокойна и последовательна. Сейчас создано большое количество техник управления временем, которые позволят всё успевать и выполнять без стресса. Тайм-менеджмент раньше применялся только в бизнесе, но сейчас он используется и в повседневной жизни человека для правильной организации досуга и отдыха.
Немного истории
В 1920 году Научная организация труда говорила о том, что эффективность использования времени зависит от личной эффективности самого человека. Была создана Лига «Время», которая публиковала статьи в газетах под названием «Борьба за время». В 70-е годы обрёл популярность метод хронометража, который разработал биолог Любищев. В 2007 в Москве при финансово-промышленном институте открылась первая кафедра тайм-менеджмента.
Классификации тайм-менеджмента
В зависимости от того, в какой сфере жизнедеятельности человек планирует распределять время, тайм-менеджмент бывает:
- Персональным (личным) — для организации личного времени
- Профессиональным — для эффективности на работе
- Социальным — регулирует встречи и общение с близкими людьми.
Методы тайм-менеджмента
Существует огромное количество техник управления временем, на любой вкус и цвет. Поговорим об основных, наиболее известных.
1. АВС планирование: дела маркируются тремя буквами английского алфавита: A, B, C. Наиболее приоритетные дела отмечаются буквой А, менее важные — буквой B, C — задачи наименьшей приоритетностью.
Для более детального отображения можно использовать цифры от 1 до 10. Так будет нагляднее видно, что нужно делать в первую очередь, а что — в последнюю.
Источник: http://www.myshared.ru/indexa.php
2. Хронометраж: если вы не понимаете, куда уходит ваше время, можно записать все действия, которые завершались в течение дня и время, потраченное на них. Это поможет понять, как можно изменить ваш график.
3. Правило 10 минут: помогает при выполнении задачи, которые меньше всего хочется выполнять. Просто убедите себя, что вы будете заниматься ею только десять минут, а потом бросите. С высокой долей вероятности, вы втянетесь в дело, и оно не будет казаться таким страшным.
4. Метод «помидора»: своё забавное название эта методика получила из-за того, что Франческо Чирилло, её основатель, использовал небольшой кухонный таймер в виде помидора. Вы ставите таймер на 25 минут и выполняете в заданный промежуток определенную задачу. При этом ни в коем случае не отвлекаетесь ни на что. После этого идет 5-минутный перерыв, и можно начинать новый цикл. Через каждые 4 цикла необходимо делать большой перерыв длительностью 30 минут, дабы не допустить переутомления
5. «Съешь лягушку на завтрак»
Чтобы не думать весь день о деле, которое тяготит вас, сделайте его с утра. Так вы освободитесь от груза, который бы портил настроение весь день.
6. «Бифштекс из слона»
Если вам необходимо выполнить глобальную задачу, разбейте её на несколько частей. Вам станет гораздо легче и спокойнее справиться с ней.
Виртуальные помощники
На первых порах будет тяжело успешно распределить своё время самому. Именно поэтому были созданы приложения для тайм-менеджмента. Программы, о которых пойдёт речь, доступны и на «Андроиде» и на «iOS».
- Any.Do
В Any.do к каждой задаче можно добавлять теги, напоминания, подзадачи и вложения. Функция приоритетов поможет сфокусироваться на самом главном и не забыть о важном деле.
Стоит отметить опцию Focus, которая мотивирует пользователя. Если она включена, а человек не завершил задачу, приложение уничтожит виртуальную ёлку. Ещё одна особенность Any.do — список покупок, которые приложение автоматически распределяет по категориям
2. OneNote
Приложение очень выигрывает за счёт эстетической стороны. В нём есть блокноты, разделы и страницы. Сервис очень похож на цифровую записную книжку и очень понравится тем, кто привык работать с бумажными ежедневниками.
OneNotе поддерживает функцию рукописного ввода и умеет вставлять фото, видео и аудиофайлы в любой из файлов.
Здесь также можно рисовать очень красочные схемы.
3. TickTick
Основным преимуществом этого приложения является возможность подстроить его под себя с помощью разнообразных настроек и функций.
В приложении есть календарь, в которым вы можете отмечать все важные дела и встречи. Когда время придёт, сработает напоминания.
К любой задаче можно добавлять комментарии, метки для быстрого поиска, определять приоритетность.
Если совсем нет желания печатать, можете просто воспользоваться голосовым вводом.
4. RescueTime
Это не планировщик задач, но такой же незаменимый помощник в тайм-менеджменте. Очень часто при работе мы отвлекаемся на смартфон или другие гаджеты и теряем драгоценное время. RescueTime следит за тем, сколько часов вы проводите в телефоне или за компьютером, и выдает подробную статистику. Вы можете увидеть, на каких сайтах и в каких приложениях пропадаете особенно долго.
Это позволит вам увидеть полную картину того, как вы проводите время и сколько часов используете неэффективно.
5. Forest
Приложение пользуется огромной популярностью, и это неспроста. Идея довольно интересная: каждый раз, когда вы садитесь за дела, вы «сажаете дерево» в своём телефоне. В случае выхода из приложения дерево погибает. Вы можете выбрать любое другое растение, которым захотите украсить ваш «лес», определять время, которое вы хотите бы сконцентрированы, определять цели и планы.
Мой личный опыт
С необходимостью корректировки своего режима дня я столкнулась в период подготовки к ЕГЭ и вступительным испытаниям. Я не успевала сделать половину из того, что планировала, многие задачи приходилось оставлять на завтра. Я очень жалела, что в сутках не хватало того заветного двадцать пятого часа. Тогда я решила взять себя в руки и начать действовать.
Я пользовалась такими техниками, как «ABC планирование» и «Хронометраж», а также правилом десяти минут. Помимо этого я каждый вечер составляла списки дел на следующий день и отмечала восклицательными знаками то, что «железно» нужно было закончить.
Результат не заставил себя долго ждать. Я стала более продуктивнее, усваивала больше материала, а самое главное, успевала гораздо больше, чем до начала планирования.
Заключение
Управлять временем сложно, так как это означает необходимость серьёзных изменений в образе жизни. Для этого нужна самодисциплина и сила воли. Но когда появятся первые результаты, вы будете гордиться собой и поймёте, для чего это нужно было. Я в вас верю! :)
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