Людей начали судить не в зале суда, а в интернете
Что такое культура отмены?
Культура отмены – коллективный призыв к отказу от взаимодействия с людьми или брендами, которые нарушили общественные нормы. Люди, которые подверглись отмене, лишаются поддержки и публично осуждаются.
Некорректные высказывания, поступки за гранью общепринятых норм, дискриминация меньшинств или неправильная формулировка своего мнения – это всё может привести к культурной блокировке человека, чаще всего знаменитости или даже целого бренда. Отсутствие поддержки в интернете, порицание и иногда откровенная травля приводит к потере работы, статуса и в некоторых случаях семьи и друзей. Это то, с чем сталкиваются люди, которых «отменили».
История появления
Этот феномен появился в США. Впервые слово «cancel» в контексте отмены человека было упомянуто в боевике «Нью-Джек-Сити» 1991 года. Главный герой требует «отменить» свою девушку за то, что она его отругала.
Более широкое распространение термин приобрел после того, как в эпизоде сериала «Любовь и хип-хоп: Нью-Йорк»2014 года героиня говорит своему парню «Ты отменён». Именно тогда фраза получила популярность в социальных сетях.
Особенно сильно интерес к отмене обострился в 2017 году. Когда американского кинопродюсера Харви Вайнштейна обвинили в домогательствах. За короткое время его лишили работы, всех наград и предали суду. Эта ситуация положило начало движению «#MeToo», которое осуждало харассмент. Движение приобрело большую популярность за рубежом, хоть и в России такого не произошло.
В наши дни культура отмены распространяется на всю социальную повестку: экологию, религию, насилие и ущемление прав меньшинств.
Противоречия
Несмотря на всю пользу культуры отмены, она несёт в себе несколько явных противоречий
Интернет помнит всё
Подвергнуться отмене можно даже за поступки и слова десятилетней давности. Примером тому может стать YouTube блогерша Дженна Марблс. Девушку обвинили в блэкфейсе и слатшейминге. Всё из-за её старых видео, которые были опубликованы ещё в 2010 году. В некоторых видео Дженна пародировала Ники Минаж. Она нанесла на лицо тёмный автозагар и надела розовый парик. В других видео она упоминала слатшейминг и гендерные стереотипы. Впоследствии девушка скрыла подобные видео и ушла с платформы. Зачастую, обществу неважно, что с момента публикации неэтичного контента могло пройти много лет, и человек давно мог поменять своё мнение и взгляды. Даже спустя 10 лет можно стать объектом отмены.
Люди могут ошибаться
Подвергнуться отмене могут люди, которые вовсе не хотели кого-то обидеть или оскорбить. Фразы, вырванные из контекста, либо неправильная интерпретация творчества, также могут стать поводом для отмены. Так, популярную певицу Лану Дель Рей обвинили в расизме из-за отсутствия на обложке альбома Chemtrails Over the Country Club темнокожих людей. Даже несмотря на слова певицы о том, что она поместила на обложку своих близких подруг, среди которых есть девушки с мексиканскими корнями. В целом девушка неоднократно подвергалась обвинениям в расизме и романтизации домашнего насилия и токсичных отношений в своих песнях. Сама же Лана говорит, что всего лишь поёт о том, что происходит вокруг, в том числе о распространении эмоционального насилия во всем мире. Хоть на Лану Дель Рей и её творчество это не оказало сильного влияния, такие сомнительные поводы для отмены, могут лишить человека всего и привести к страшным последствиям.
Одним можно всё, а другим ничего
Культура отмены помогает обратить внимание на людей, которые заслуживают наказания вне интернета, а в настоящем зале суда, но иногда этот инструмент работает несправедливо. Одних отменяют, а другим всё спускают с рук. Телеведущая Регина Тодоренко в 2020 году подверглась отмене за слова о том, что не сами ли женщины виноваты в ситуациях, когда их избивают мужья. Огромная волна осуждения от пользователей со всей страны, обрушилась на Регину. Журнал Glamour лишил её титула «Женщина года», помимо этого, ведущая лишилась многих рекламных контрактов. В то же время актёр Марат Башаров, которого неоднократно обвиняли в домашнем насилии, он также сам признавался, что избивает своих жён, не был подвергнут отмене и до сих пор продолжает сниматься в кино и вести ТВ- программы.
Из-за такой избирательности полагаться на одну лишь культуру отмены бывает сложно.
Нужна ли культура отмены сегодня?
В дни развития медиа и появления нового этикета, культура отмены помогает обратить внимание людей на важные общественные явления. Помогает сохранять уважительные и толерантные взаимоотношения. Но точно также как и всё вокруг, культура отмены работает неидеально. Пока одна сторона видит в ней средство борьбы с несправедливостью, другая же видит в отмене лишь покушение на один из самых важных принципов- свободы слова.
Автор: Валерия Каримова
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