Человеческий мозг – это сложнейший орган нашего тела, который объединяет в себе управление физиологическими и эмоциональными потребностями человека. Все функции и возможности мозга, включая интеллект, логическое мышление, способность рассуждать и многое другое изучает наука когнитивистика.
Что такое когнитивистика?
Это особое научное направление, занимающееся изучением мыслительных и познавательных процессов. Когнитивные, то есть психические возможности — высшие функции мозга, которые даны человеку от рождения. Каждая из этих функций нуждается оставаться в тонусе для дальнейшего развития и избегания деградации отдельных частей нашего мозга, отвечающих за скорость мыслительных процессов и качество обрабатываемой информации.
Как устроен наш мозг?
Источник: https://www.pinterest.ru/
Головной мозг – это сложнейший биологический механизм, контролирующий и управляющий всеми жизненными процессами человеческого тела. Поэтому дать полную характеристику его устройства и функций в наше время невозможно.
Он занимает особое положение в организме человека, поглощая более 20% кислорода, получаемого легкими. Вес мозга современного человека составляет от 1,5 до 2 килограмм, и никак не влияет на уровень ума и интеллекта. 70% мозга составляют большие полушария – правое и левое. Они абсолютно идентичны и представляют собой два отдельных центра, управляющими разными способностями человеческого тела, которые взаимосвязаны между собой. Правое и левое полушарие состоят из лобной, теменной, затылочной и височной доли. В каждой из них находятся центры, отвечающие за определенную деятельность: височная – за слух, память и речь; затылочная – за зрительные ощущения, лобная – за двигательную активность, теменная – за телесные ощущения.
Это лишь самое поверхностное описание такого сложнейшего органа, как человеческий мозг. И если с точки зрения физиологии он изучен далеко не полностью, то о том, как происходят в нем мыслительные процессы, известно еще меньше.
Как мы можем помочь мозгу работать эффективнее?
Сон
Самый банальный и естественный процесс нашего организма – полноценный восьмичасовой сон, с прохождением каждой фазы быстрого и глубокого сна.
Физические нагрузки
Польза от пятиминутной разминки принесет плоды не только физиологическим характеристикам нашего тела, но и мыслительным. Исследование Джорджа Келли о влиянии физических нагрузок на мозг человека расскажет об эффективности когнитивных тренингов для улучшения интеллектуальных способностей. Изначальная идея улучшить военных американской армии превратилась в колоссальный эксперимент, результаты которого были опубликованы в 1992 году в журнале Psychology and Aging.
Правильное питание
Сбалансированная диета, полная необходимых витаминов и минералов, поможет держать все физиологические показатели в норме и улучшить мозговую активность.
https://cdn.dribbble.com/users/1854059/screenshots/6412729/illustration_exercise-01.jpg
Память и визуализация
Для успешного и полноценного переноса информации в долговременную память нашему мозгу необходимы все перечисленные выше пункты, а так же постоянное повторение, правильное дозированное потребление этой информации и постоянный ее оборот.
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/55/a3/d3/55a3d3ce554e036e2e4622f86e299486.jpg
Важной частью улучшения памяти является визуализация. Это возможность задействовать как можно больше отделов головного мозга для решения конкретной задачи, вследствие которой будут активированы сразу несколько центров: височной и затылочной доли, что обеспечит более высокий шанс запоминания информации.
Чтобы заставить мозг эффективно работать, его нужно тренировать с самого детства. Чем мозг моложе, тем он восприимчивей. И чем меньше его нагружать, тем хуже он будет работать. Познание себя и своего организма – основа продуктивной деятельности любого человека!
Ссылки на исследования и лекции:
https://www.psychologos.ru/articles/view/dzhordzh-kelli — исследования Дж. Келли
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/spq-a0029941.pdf – научная статья о когнитивных предикторах успеваемости и развития
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