Каждый день мы принимаем дозу космического излучения на себя. Самый простой пример этого явления — загар — образуется путем воздействия ультрафиолетовых солнечных лучей на кожу человека. Космическая радиация — вполне объяснимая с точки зрения науки часть устройства Вселенной. Естественный радиационный фон — то количество излучения, которое человек получает из воздуха, космоса, земли , продуктов питания в среднем (по подсчетам 2400 мкЗв/год). Однако, иногда все может идти совершенно не так, как рассчитывали ученые.
Доброе утро из космоса или событие Кэррингтона
Первого сентября 1859 года жители Западного побережья США проснулись утром невыспавшимися. И дело не в том, что люди отмечали конец лета.
На самом деле, на дворе еще была ночь. Но, по необъяснимым на тот момент причинам, небо было совершенно светлым. В Северной Америке пропало электричество. Радио и телеграфные системы, как и остальные электроприборы, выходили из строя или сгорали. У множества людей наблюдалось “плохое самочувствие”. В Европе линии электропередач искрились, телеграфы работали до полутора минут без подключения к сети. По всему миру наблюдались полярные сияния. Никто не понимал, что происходит. Апокалипсис? Началась паника.
Все дело было в мощнейшей солнечной буре, которую обнаружил британский ученый Ричард Кэррингтон. Тогда люди стали уверены: насколько далеко бы не зашел прогресс, перед космосом рушится все.
А что еще могут натворить солнечные бури?
В мае 1921 года из-за вспышек на Солнце произошел так называемый “Железнодорожный шторм”. Он вывел из строя половину техники Центральной Железной Дороги Нью-Йорка и оставил без связи все Восточное побережье США.
А в 2003 году в маленьком бельгийском городе Схарбек во время выборов в парламент из-за солнечного шторма случился сбой техники, и один из кандитатов получил на 4096 электронных голосов больше. И смешно, и грустно: население Схарбека было меньше, чем набранное количество голосов. Разумеется, ошибку исправили, и обгоняйщий всех кандидат вернулся на свое законное нижнее место в списке.
Как электрический апокалипсис изменит жизнь современного человека
Солнечные бури, способные принести ущерб Земле случаются примерно раз в столетие, однако, с каждым годом они становятся для человечества все опаснее: чем выше технический прогресс — тем больше ущерб. Электричество и интернет являются важной частью жизни современного человека. Телефон, компьютер, телевизор, свет, зарядные устройства, кухонные приборы, радио — всего этого мы можем лишиться.
Исследователи заявили, что при следующем солнечном супершторме достаточно большая часть населения Земли рискует остаться без интернета на несколько месяцев. Все дело в длинных подводных интернет-кабелях, соединяющих континенты, которые оснащены ретрансляторами для усиления оптического сигнала, разнесенными с интервалом примерно от 50 до 150 километров. Такие устройства уязвимы для геомагнитных токов, и если повредится хотя бы один кабель — интернет связь между континентами с огромной вероятностью исчезнет. Наиболее уязвимыми к шторму окажутся страны северных широт.
«Экономические последствия однодневного сбоя интернета в США оцениваются более чем в 7 миллиардов долларов. Что если сеть не будет работать в течение нескольких дней или месяцев? Когда следующая большая солнечная буря выйдет из нашей звезды, у людей на Земле будет около 13 часов, чтобы подготовиться к ее приходу. Будем надеяться, что мы готовы максимально использовать это время, когда оно неизбежно наступит», — сообщают National Geographic Россия со ссылкой на Абду Джиоти, ведущего автора исследования.
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