Миру знаком и лишний Онегин, и маленький Самсон, и бедный Евгений. Для большинства людей Александр Сергеевич — в первую очередь поэт, потом прозаик. Про журналистскую деятельность известного всем писателя знают немногие.
Пушкин – это не только нежность, любовь и «ножки милых дам». Ему также свойственен юмор, который есть в «Воображаемом разговоре с Александром I», который заканчивается решением царя сослать поэта в Сибирь. Шутливая форма значительно усиливает общественное звучание произведения. Автор говорит о времени и о себе, о судьбе поэта в деспотическом государстве.
Мнение о профессии у Пушкина сформировалось с началом работы — журналистика способна управлять мнениями публики и влиять на их формирование, поэтому журналисту необходимо в первую очередь быть нравственным и глубоко любящим свое отечество человеком:
«Сословие журналистов есть рассадник людей государственных — они знают это и, собираясь овладеть общим мнением, они страшатся унижать себя в глазах публики недобросовестностью, переметчивостью, корыстолюбием или наглостью. По причине великого конкурса невежество или посредственность не может овладеть монополией журналов, и человек без истинного дарования не выдержит l’epreuve издания».
Источник: https://www.bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=889128
Я помню жизни чудный миг,
Когда учебник я открыла,
И надпись четкая гласила,
Что добрый Пушкин – памфлетист.
Важный этап журналистской деятельности Пушкина связан с «Литературной газетой», которую издавал А. А. Дельвиг (прим. — русский поэт, издатель, один из близких друзей Пушкина).
В «Литературной газете» проявились особенности пушкинской журнальной статьи:
— экономность словесных средств
— логически безупречная выстроенность сюжета
— многофункциональность цитирования источника
Главным событием в газете Дельвига было разоблачение Пушкиным Булгарина как агента Третьего отделения тайной полиции. Этот поступок можно назвать гражданским подвигом Александра Сергеевича.
Для русских литераторов 19 века Фаддей Булгарин был персоной нон грата (прим. – нежелательное лицо) — всеми презираем и отвергнут.
В своих фельетонах Пушкин показал сущность литературных произведений Булгарина и разоблачил его официозную прессу.
Источник: Громова «История русской журналистики 18-19 века» — https://cyberpedia.su/17x1ab94.html
Особенности выразительных средств в памфлете Пушкина
+ Цель памфлета заключается в обличение.
Текст произведения строится как биографическая ссылка. В строчке есть намек на работу Булгарина в третьем Отделении:
«… человека без имени и пристанища, живущими ежедневными донесениями..»
Булгарин из русской армии, он перешел на сторону Наполеона, спасая свою жизнь. Для Пушкина человек с таким прошлым не может считаться настоящим патриотом. Иронизируя, автор использует риторическое восклицание, которое показывает неуважение к оппоненту.
Пушкин начинает приводить все больше фактов из биографии Булгарина, которые выставляют его как человека услужливого и изворотливого. Александр Сергеевич не одобряет хвастовство Булгарина.
Фото взято с сайта:
https://yandex.ru/images/search?rpt=imageview&url..
(памфлет «Торжество дружбы, или Оправданный Александр Анфимович Орлов»)
Памфлет «Торжество дружбы или оправданный Александр Анфимович Орлов» был написан под псевдонимом Феофилакт Косичкин.
Феофилакт Косичкин – это литературная маска, которая в дальнейшем способствует появлению одна за другой сатирических образов-масок.
В памфлете присутствует едкий сарказм. Пушкин ведет диалог и вставляет нравоучительные реплики Н. И. Гречу, что вызывает у читателя смех. Пушкин пародирует речь самого Греча:
«…Две глупейшие книжонки!.. какой-то А. Орлов!..»
Псевдоним автора — образ наивного человека, за репликами которого чувствуется острота мыслей Пушкина.
Обличение в памфлете завуалировано. Пушкин указывает на посредственность творчества Булгарина.
Работа в «Современнике»
Цели пушкинского журнала:
— защита подлинно художественных ценностей
— популяризация достижений науки и культуры
— утверждение гуманистических начал в жизни
Во время декабрьских событий на Сенатской площади Пушкин не мог открыто говорить о декабристах – была цензура. Однако поэт смог напомнить соотечественникам о ссыльных – первый номер открывался стихотворением «Пир Петра Первого».
Первый номер обозначил направление «Современника» — война, декабристы, национальные и крестьянские вопросы.
Пушкин поставил в центр внимания просветительскую функцию журналистики, которая существует до сих пор. Он сформировал язык и стиль русской публицистики. Краткость, точность, доступность – три кита, благодаря которым существует современная журналистика.
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